Search results for "Xenobiotic Metabolism"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Prospects of in vivo 31P NMR method in glyphosate degradation studies in whole cell system
2009
Abstract The degradation of the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate ( N -phosphonomethylglycine) by four taxonomically distinct microorganisms was studied in vivo in whole cell system using phosphorus nuclear magnetic spectroscopy ( 31 P NMR). The time-course of glyphosate metabolization in dense cell cultures was followed by means of 31 P NMR up to 21 days after the addition. The results obtained by this non-invasive way confirmed that the cells of Spirulina platensis and Streptomyces lusitanus biodegrade herbicide. Moreover, phosphorus starvation influenced the rate of glyphosate degradation by S. platensis . On the other hand, the results of similar measurements in the cultures of green alg…
Influence of odorant metabolism on human olfactory perception
2018
The sense of smell permits the perception of volatile substances commonly known as odors. This sense plays an important role in the feeding and wellness of individuals because it involves exchanges with their environment (search for food or partners, predators detection…). The efficiency of the olfactory system mainly relies on its sensitivity depending on the odorant affinity for their olfactory receptors but also on an enzymatic clearance mechanism of odorants which involves the Odorant metabolizing Enzymes (OME) to avoid the saturation of the receptors. Recent studies have shown that the biotransformation of odorants by EMO, in the olfactory epithelium, participates in the olfactory perc…
Sialotranscriptomics of the argasid tick ornithodoros moubata along the trophogonic cycle
2021
32 páginas, 8 tablas, 6 figuras
MetNet: A two-level approach to reconstructing and comparing metabolic networks
2021
Metabolic pathway comparison and interaction between different species can detect important information for drug engineering and medical science. In the literature, proposals for reconstructing and comparing metabolic networks present two main problems: network reconstruction requires usually human intervention to integrate information from different sources and, in metabolic comparison, the size of the networks leads to a challenging computational problem. We propose to automatically reconstruct a metabolic network on the basis of KEGG database information. Our proposal relies on a two-level representation of the huge metabolic network: the first level is graph-based and depicts pathways a…
Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of caffeine in [i]Drosophila melanogaster[/i]
2014
Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine), an alkaloid produced by plants, has antioxidant and insecticide properties that can affect metabolism and cognition. In vertebrates, the metabolites derived from caffeine have been identified, and their functions have been characterized. However, the metabolites of caffeine in insects remain unknown. Thus, using radiolabelled caffeine, we have identified some of the primary caffeine metabolites produced in the body of Drosophila melanogaster males, including theobromine, paraxanthine and theophylline. In contrast to mammals, theobromine was the predominant metabolite (paraxanthine in humans; theophylline in monkeys; 1, 3, 7-trimethyluric acid in rodents…
Biochemical bases for a widespread tolerance of cyanobacteria to the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate
2008
Possible non-target effects of the widely used, non-selective herbicide glyphosate were examined in six cyanobacterial strains, and the basis of their resistance was investigated. All cyanobacteria showed a remarkable tolerance to the herbicide up to millimolar levels. Two of them were found to possess an insensitive form of glyphosate target, the shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Four strains were able to use the phosphonate as the only phosphorus source. Low uptake rates were measured only under phosphorus deprivation. Experimental evidence for glyphosate metabolism was also obtained in strains apparently unable to use the phosphonate. Results suggest…
Hepatic metabolism of diallyl disulfide in rat and man
2003
International audience; 1. The metabolism of diallyl disulphide was investigated in vitro with rat and human liver cell subfractions and ex vivo with an isolated perfused rat liver. 2. Diallyl disulphide was oxidized to diallylthiosulphinate by rat liver microsomes with an apparent K-m = 0.86 +/- 0.1 mM and an apparent V-max = 0.47 +/- 0.12 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein (mean +/- SE). Both cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-containing monooxygenases were involved, with CYP2B1/2 and CYP2E1 being the most active CYP enzymes. 3. In rat and man, microsomal oxidation of allylmethyl sulphide to allylmethyl sulphoxide and allylmethyl sulphone also occurred, although at a low rate. Diallyl disulphide w…